[3] 王煜紫

导师姓名：刘杨

中文题目：新塑她我：中国赴美高学历中国陪读妈妈的差异化适应与交叉身份协商

英文题目：Reinventing Herself: Differential Adaptation and Intersectional Identity Negotiation of highly-educated Chinese “Study Mothers” in America

摘要

近年来中国母亲赴美陪读现象日益增多，其中不乏取得高学历且放弃国内高薪职业的女性。通过质性研究方法，结合对十五位研究对象的一对一深度访谈，本研究深入探讨了高学历陪读妈妈区别于普通陪读妈妈的独特经历，且希望回答高学历陪读妈妈在陪伴子女赴美留学过程中面临的挑战为何；她们如何通过采取不同策略应对挑战并在这一过程中实现跨文化适应；她们在跨文化适应过程中如何重构其多重身份。本研究在以主题分析为分析方法的数据解读中，参考差异适应理论和交叉性理论，提炼出职业素养、族裔认同、母职担当三个维度，探讨高学历陪读妈妈的跨文化适应与多重身份建构。

高学历陪读妈妈在跨文化适应过程中，常处在“中间状态”：职业女性到全职主妇、中国文化与美国文化、家庭内部不同角色的平衡。她们在移民初期难以处理状态的转变，因而处于不同的夹缝之中。但通过能动性的发挥、文化习得和家庭沟通，受访者以独特的策略有效应对了以上挑战，并在过程中实现了文化适应和身份重构。高学历陪读妈妈在职业素养、族裔认同、母职担当三个维度的交织中，逐渐形成了一个更加灵活的身份认同，她们在保持中国文化根基的同时，逐步融入美国社会，展现了身份的流动性和多维性。在这一过程中，高学历陪读妈妈曾经中间状态的错位感转化为一种独特的混合认同，这种重新建构的身份认同虽然复杂却维持了其状态的稳定。

本研究通过探讨高学历陪读妈妈的跨文化经历，揭示了此群体文化适应的复杂性和特殊性，突破了传统研究中对母亲身份建构的单一化理解。传统的移民母亲研究往往将母职作为分析的核心，忽视了母亲身份背后多重社会角色的交织与互动，导致对移民母亲经历的理解过于简化。而高学历陪读母亲群体所体现出的身份建构过程，呈现出更加复杂的面貌：她们不仅要在异国他乡平衡母职与家庭责任，还需要调和与职业身份、族裔认同等多重身份的冲突与融合。因此，本研究提供了关于移民女性跨文化适应的另一视角。

关键词：中国移民；高学历陪读妈妈；跨文化适应；身份建构；差异适应理论；交叉性

Abstract

In recent years, the phenomenon of Chinese mothers accompanying their children to study in the U.S. has been on the rise, with many of these mothers having higher education attainment and having given up high-paying careers in China. Through qualitative research methods, combined with in-depth interviews with 15 participants, this study explores the unique experiences of highly-educated study mothers. The research aims to answer three key questions: What challenges do study mothers face when accompanying their kids to study in the U.S.? How do the study mothers enact intercultural adaptation? How do the study mothers reconstruct their multiple identities?

Using thematic analysis as the data interpretation method, this study draws on Differential Adaptation Theory and Intersectionality to identify three facets: professionalism, ethnicity, and motherhood. These facets remain salient in highly-educated study mothers’ intercultural adaptation and identity construction.

In the intercultural adaptation in the U.S., highly-educated study mothers often find themselves in a state of “in-betweenness”: transition from professional elites to full-time mothers, balance between Chinese and American cultures, and management of various domestic roles. At the beginning stage of immigration, the mothers are inclined to struggle with the changes and find themselves caught between different cultural and social dimensions. Nevertheless, through agency, cultural learning, and family negotiation, the mothers are likely to navigate these challenges with diverse strategies. During and through intercultural adaptation, the mothers are able to reconstruct their multi-faceted identity to better cater to their lives in America.

With the intersection of professionalism, ethnicity, and motherhood, highly-educated study mothers form a flexible sense of identity. While maintaining their Chinese cultural roots, they also manage to integrate into American society. In this process, the sense of dislocation they initially experience in the “in-betweenness” transforms into a form of hybrid identity, which is complex yet stable.

By examining the intercultural experiences of highly-educated study mothers, the research reveals the uniqueness of this group’s adaptation, challenging the traditional perspective of studying immigrant mothers. The majority of studies on immigrant mothers often center on motherhood, overlooking the intertwining and interaction of multiple facets that shape a mother’s identity. As a result, the perspective on understanding immigrant mothers’ experiences can be narrow. In contrast, the identity construction process demonstrated by the highly-educated study mothers presents a more sophisticated picture: they not only need to balance motherhood and family responsibilities in a foreign country but also navigate the conflicts and integration of multiple identities, including professional and ethnic identities. Hence, this research presents a novel approach to the study of immigrant women’s intercultural adaptation and identity construction.

Keywords: Chinese immigrants; highly-educated study mothers; intercultural adaptation; identity construction; Differential Adaptation Theory; Intersectionality

[4] 沈素芬

导师姓名：张春波

中文题目：后#MeToo时代美国媒体对性侵事件的报道框架研究——以《纽约时报》对Carroll诉Trump案报道为例

英文题目：Framing Sexual Assault in the Post-#MeToo Era: A Case Study of The New York Times Coverage of E. Jean Carroll v. Donald Trump

摘要

2019年6月21日，据《纽约时报》报道，时尚杂志《世界时装之苑ELLE》前专栏作家简·卡罗尔（E Jean Carroll）控告时任美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）于1996年在一家商场试衣间对其实施性侵。由于特朗普的持续否认和言语攻击，卡罗尔起诉特朗普性侵和诽谤，并最终在2023年5月和2024年1月两度胜诉。这是自2017年10月#MeToo运动爆发以来第一个涉及美国总统的性丑闻，特朗普也成为美国历史上第一位被裁定性侵的总统。因此，该案件对于探讨美国媒体在后#MeToo时代如何报道性侵相关的政治丑闻以及揭示报道背后的社会动因具有重要意义。

本文以框架理论为研究路径，选取《纽约时报》2019年6月至2024年1月间涉及本案的103篇报道为样本，融合恩特曼（Entman）、潘忠党和坦卡德（Tankard）的框架分析模式，探讨《纽约时报》对该案件的框架建构及其社会动因。研究发现，《纽约时报》在此案报道上采用了五个核心框架，分别为戏剧框架、受害者框架、司法框架、社会议题框架和党派框架。在案件初期，戏剧框架占主导，通过渲染冲突与娱乐化叙事，吸引读者眼球，消解性侵事件和法律案件的道德严肃性。在庭审阶段，司法框架最突出，同时受害者框架和社会议题框架显著性也明显提升。司法框架强调法律程序与法律权威，维护民主秩序与媒体专业性。受害者框架通过强化受害者证词可信度及揭露权力失衡，挑战了强奸迷思并赋予女性话语空间。社会议题框架则通过进一步批判强奸迷思，将个案与#MeToo运动进行联结，对女性群体进行赋权并呼吁系统性改革。而在案件后期，随着党内选举的进行，党派框架成为绝对主导，通过突出党派斗争与选举策略，将案件建构为党争工具。

研究进一步发现，框架的建构及动态变化实质上是美国社会文化及政治张力与《纽约时报》自身媒体偏见和商业逻辑相互作用的结果。媒体的结构性偏见和商业逻辑对阅读量的追求导致戏剧性叙事的持续存在，#MeToo运动激发的性别进步话语促进了媒体对强奸迷思的挑战，不断极化的政治生态催生了媒体对党派性框架的武器化使用。此外，这些力量的多重博弈也揭示了后#MeToo时代美国媒体在呈现性别正义话语上的“象征性进步”——尽管受害者框架和社会议题框架部分挑战了强奸迷思，但政治意识形态依旧是媒体寻求报道进步性中的最大阻碍。一旦涉及政治叙事，性别议题依旧会被边缘化，乃至沦为政治工具。本研究拓展了框架理论在性侵报道中的解释维度，并为理解后#MeToo时代美国媒体在性别议题上的角色异化提供了新的分析视角。

关键词：后#MeToo时代；《纽约时报》；框架理论；性侵；

Abstract

On June 21, 2019, The New York Times reported that E. Jean Carroll, a former columnist for Elle magazine, accused then-U.S. President Donald Trump of sexually assaulting her in a department store dressing room in 1996. Following Trump’s persistent denials and defamatory remarks, Carroll filed lawsuits against him for sexual assault and defamation, ultimately securing two legal victories in May 2023 and January 2024. As the first sexual misconduct scandal involving a U.S. president since the #MeToo movement erupted in October 2017—and the first time a U.S. president was legally adjudicated for sexual assault—this case holds critical significance for examining how American media cover politically charged sexual violence scandals in the post-#MeToo era and for uncovering the sociopolitical dynamics underlying such reporting.

Employing framing theory as the analytical framework, this study examines 103 articles published by The New York Times from June 2019 to January 2024, utilizing Entman, Pan Zhongdang, and Tankard’s framing analysis models to investigate the media’s framing strategies and their societal drivers. The findings reveal five dominant frames in the coverage: drama frame, victim frame, judicial frame, social issues frame, and partisanship frame. During the initial phase, drama frame predominated, characterized by sensationalized conflict narratives and celebrity scandal tropes, which diluted the moral gravity of the sexual assault allegations. In the judicial phase, judicial frame emerged as the most salient, prioritizing legal procedures and institutional authority while marginalizing gender-critical perspectives. Concurrently, victim frame amplified Carroll’s testimonial credibility and exposed power asymmetries, directly challenging rape myths and carving discursive space for survivors. Social issue frame further linked the case to systemic critiques of gender inequality under the #MeToo movement, advocating structural reforms. In the third phase, partisanship frame dominated, reframing the litigation as an electoral battleground and weaponizing it for ideological warfare.

The study demonstrates that these shifts of frames reflect the interplay of sociocultural tensions, media bias, and commercial imperatives. Structural media biases and profit-driven clickbait strategies perpetuated dramatic narratives, while #MeToo-inspired gender-progressive discourse partially subverted rape myths. However, escalating political polarization ultimately instrumentalized the case, exemplifying what this study terms “symbolic progress” in post-#MeToo media—where advancements in victim-centered reporting coexist with the persistent marginalization of gender justice when it conflicts with partisan agendas. This research extends the application of framing theory to political sexual misconduct coverage and offers new insights into media’s paradoxical role in navigating gender equity amid ideological fragmentation. By exposing how gender issues are systematically deprioritized or co-opted in politicized contexts, the study underscores the unresolved tensions between performative progressivism and substantive social change in contemporary media ecosystems.

Keywords: Post-#MeToo era; The New York Times; Framing Theory; Sexual assault

第三组：经济与社会

[1] 申悦

导师姓名：李莉文

中文题目：达拉斯晨报对中美半导体贸易关系及德州角色定位的新闻框架分析

英文题目：News Framing of Texas’s Role and China-U.S. Semiconductor Trade Relations in the Dallas Morning News

摘要

中美半导体贸易关系在中美两国的报纸中都是一个热点话题。报纸对事件的报道影响着大众对事件的认知及评价。主流媒体更加关注国际或国家事务，而本地报纸有着独特的本地视角，其报道会受到当地政治和经济环境的影响，同时又影响着当地人对政治和经济环境的认知。美国采取联邦制，所以各个州有着相对的贸易自主性选择。并且由于各个州的地理和政治环境不同，其贸易选择也可能存在着差异。德州的半导体产业较为发达，且是半导体及相关电子器件出口大州,连续14年（截止2025年3月）其出口量位居美国第一[1]，因此其对半导体的关注相对来说会比较高。本文关注德州当地的报纸对中美半导体贸易关系和对德州角色的报道，以此关注其报道中独有的德州本地的视角。

新闻提供事实同时也提供视角。新闻的评价影响着大众对事件的认知，因此，本文结合框架理论和其研究方法，研究新闻报道中的框架及其可能带来的效果。本文选择德州订阅量排前的报纸——达拉斯晨报，在其官网上搜索关键词“中国，半导体”，筛选出2017年1月1日到2024年12月31日的相关新闻53篇，总字数达四万余字。本文运用系统的内容分析方法，借助Nvivo进行编码，从恩特曼的四个框架元素出发，发现了四个主要的框架：冲突框架，经济框架，两党共识框架，代表框架。最后，通过文献研究，本文将这四个框架与主流媒体（以《纽约时报》为主）使用的框架进行了对比。经对比发现，《纽约时报》和《达拉斯晨报》都运用了冲突和经济框架，而德州当地报纸《达拉斯晨报》更加强调经济框架，《纽约时报》更加强调政治框架。《达拉斯晨报》突出使用两党共识框架和代表框架，而相关研究强调《纽约时报》通过调整冲突框架的强弱来实现两党共识框架的效果：获得民众对相关政策的支持。

关键词：新闻框架，中美半导体贸易关系报道，德克萨斯州，《达拉斯晨报》

Abstract

China-U.S. semiconductor trade relations have been a topical issue in both China and America newspapers whose reportages can influence public awareness and evaluation of some issues. While mainstream national newspapers tend to focus on international or national events, local newspaper has a unique focus on local context. The reportage of local newspapers is influenced by local politics and economy and can in turn influence local awareness of politics and economy. Federalism in the U.S. has allowed states to enjoy relative autonomy in trade choices. Different geographical and political environment in different states of the U.S. lead to variations in trade choices. With the advanced development of semiconductor industry and being the largest exporter of semiconductors and other electronic components for 14 consecutive years until March, 20251, Texas pays more attention to semiconductor industry. Thus, this thesis focus on the reportage of Texas’s local newspaper on China-U.S. semiconductor trade relations and Texas’s role to analyze its news framing in local context.

News provides both facts and perspectives which can influence public awareness of some events. Thus, this thesis employs framing and frames to analyze news framing of China-U.S. semiconductor trade and Texas’s role and analyze its possible effects. The Dallas Morning News, one of the most circulated local newspapers in Texas, is selected for analysis. By searching “China and semiconductor” and limiting the time from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2024, 53 relevant news articles are selected for analysis with a total word count of more than 40 thousand. Systematic content analysis is conducted through Nvivo. Entman’s four framing elements are firstly identified and four frames are further identified, including conflict frame, economic frame, bipartisan frame, representative frame. Lastly, by referring to previous research to compare identified news frames in the mainstream national newspaper, especially New York Times, and Dallas Morning News, this thesis finds both similarities and differences between the two newspapers. They both had a similar employment of conflict and economic frame. Dallas Morning News paid the majority of attention to economic frame while New York Times focused more on political frame. Dallas Morning News had a unique emphasis of bipartisan and representative frame which were not identified in New York Times. However, by hardening or softening the use of conflict frame, New York Times got the similar effects as bipartisan frame did: to gain public support of some policies.

Keywords: news frame, reportage of China-U.S. semiconductor trade, Texas, Dallas Morning News

[2] 刘倩倩

导师姓名：李莉文

中文题目：重启分析解读美国版权法的失灵：从新制度经济学视角看生成式人工智能带来的挑战

英文题目：Interpreting U.S. Copyright Failure: A New Institutional Economics Perspective on the Challenges Posed by Generative AI

摘要

生成式人工智能为版权法带来了前所未有的挑战，尤其是对人类作者身份和独创性等核心原则的冲击。美国版权体系在全球范围内具有引领作用且对技术变革有着丰富应对经验，本文以美国版权法为研究案例，探讨了两个研究问题：美国版权法在应对人工智能生成作品时如何以及为何陷入困境，旨在为人工智能时代的版权法重新调整或改革提供洞见。同时，本文指出人工智能技术并非版权法失灵的直接原因，而是暴露更深层次制度缺陷的催化剂。

本研究采用跨学科方法，将多层级的法理分析与新制度经济学理论相结合。法理分析涵盖以下三个层面：（1）人工智能生成内容是否符合版权法中的“作品”定义；（2）其是否具备受版权保护资格；（3）鉴于版权法的宗旨和公共利益考量，是否应对其提供保护。其中，第三层分析超越了直接的法律问题，强调识别版权失效根源及潜在原因的必要性，而新制度经济学在这一过程中发挥了关键作用。

研究发现，制度惯性——即既有版权法律框架对实质性改革的抵制——是版权体系在人工智能冲击下失效的根源。这种惯性主要表现为对人类中心主义作者身份的固守，此路径依赖导致了人工智能生成作品所有权归属的持续不确定性。此外，利益相关者（包括内容创作者、创意行业和技术公司等）的寻租行为作为制度惯性的另一种表现形式，持续推高交易成本，加剧了版权法体系的僵化。

本文的创新点在于，并未依赖已有理论框架来解释版权法的失灵原因，而是通过引入新制度经济学的理论概念，深入挖掘版权法在生成式人工智能时代失效的根源，并在分析过程中构建了一个全新的解释性理论框架。该框架不仅回答了版权法为何失效，还为学术讨论提供了新视角，较全面揭示了其失效的核心机制。

解决版权法的失效问题不仅需要渐进式调整，还需制定综合改革策略，在寻求解决方案时将制度惯性这一根源纳入考量，降低权利分配不确定性和不断攀升的交易成本。因此，本研究将学术讨论从表层修补转向更深层次的系统性改革，强调未来改革应聚焦于制度变革，以构建一个更具包容性和适应性的版权体系。

关键词：美国版权法；生成式人工智能；新制度经济学

Abstract

Generative AI introduces unprecedented challenges to copyright law, particularly to doctrines such as human authorship and originality. Focusing on the U.S. copyright system—a global trendsetter with a rich history of responding to technological change—this thesis investigates two research questions: how and why U.S. copyright law struggles to accommodate AI-generated works, aiming to offer insights for recalibrating or reforming copyright law in the AI era. It also argues that AI is not the direct cause of copyright’s failure to adapt but rather a catalyst exposing deeper institutional flaws.

The study employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines a three-level doctrinal analysis with insights from New Institutional Economics (NIE). The doctrinal analysis examines: (1) whether AI-generated outputs qualify as “works” under copyright; (2) whether they meet the criteria for protection given requirements like originality and human authorship; and (3) whether they should be protected, given the purpose of copyright law and the public interest Notably, the third level of analysis extends beyond immediate legal questions, highlighting the need to identify and interpret the root and underlying causes of copyright failure, where NIE plays a key role.

The findings reveal that institutional inertia—the resistance of established legal frameworks to substantive reform—stands as the root cause of the copyright system’s failure in the AI context. This inertia manifests primarily through the law’s human-centric conception of authorship, a path dependence that generates ongoing uncertainty over the ownership of AI-created works. Moreover, the rent-seeking behavior of stakeholders, including content creators, industries, and technology firms, is another manifestation of the inertia that drives up transaction costs, compounding the system’s inflexibility.

The innovative aspect of this paper lies in its departure from relying on established theoretical frameworks to explain the failure of copyright law. Instead, it draws on theoretical references from the perspective of NIE to delve into the root and underlying causes of copyright failure. In the process of analysis, the paper constructs a novel explanatory theoretical framework. This theoretical framework not only addresses the research question of why copyright law fails but also contributes to the academic discourse, offering a comprehensive understanding of the core mechanisms of its failure.

Addressing copyright law’s failure requires more than incremental adjustments; it requires a comprehensive reform strategy that takes into consideration the root cause of institutional inertia, aiming to reduce rights-related uncertainty and escalating transaction costs. Therefore, this research shifts the academic debate from surface-level fixes toward deeper systemic reform, highlighting the need for future reforms to focus on institutional changes, aiming to build a more inclusive and adaptable copyright system.

Keywords: U.S. Copyright Law; Generative Artificial Intelligence; New Institutional Economics

[3] 李傲秋

导师姓名：李期铿

中文题目：在中美人工智能竞争背景下美国人工智能跨国公司的作用

英文题目：The Role of the U.S. AI Multinational Corporations in the U.S.-China AI Competition

摘要

人工智能一直是中美重点发展的领域之一，特别以美国公司OpenAI发布的ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能发布之后，新一轮人工智能竞争在中美之间爆发。美国将人工智能产业视为国家的主导产业、关键产业和支柱产业，同时也是美国维护国家安全和技术霸权重要支撑。美国将中国视为最主要的竞争对手，在国内运用财政手段，扶持人工智能产业发展，对中国以出口限制为抓手，打击中国人工智能产业和公司，并在国际上联合盟友，建立多边机制共同限制中国。

生成式人工智能的发展是以算力、算力和应用为基础，而相关领域的重要技术多为美国跨国公司所掌握，其在人工智能基建、人工智能算法、人工智能应用等领域都有着突出的实力和广泛的全球影响力，在这场人工智能竞争中扮演着关键角色。美国人工智能企业与代表美国国家利益的政府，二者利益在根本上是一致的，美国政府对人工智能产业的重视与美国跨国公司在人工智能技术上的优势也推动着双方建立战略伙伴关系。但是由于美国国内普遍存在利益争端，在利益关联方对他者的期望或诉求没有得到满足之时，国家利益和企业利益会出现分化。而对华政策就是双方分歧最大的领域。中国作为美国人工智能跨国公司海外最大的市场，跨国公司同中国在贸易、投资及供应链等多维领域联系紧密，其不得不制定战略与策略以应对政府对华政策带来的挑战。这些企业往往通过为政府提供政策咨询，游说政府机构乃至消极执行政策等方式来影响政府决策。

鉴于美国人工智能企业对美国政治和政策制定的重要影响，可以作为分析美国对中国进行技术竞争的方法和政策取向的重要依据，因此本文以案例分析为主要研究手段，对英伟达、微软-OpenAI、特斯拉三大具有代表性的人工智能跨国公司，基于政企关系的视角分析美国人工智能跨国公司在美国对华技术竞争中的作用。本文发现尽管这些公司在美国国内因产业发展与美国政府有着相同的利益而开展合作，但是在对华问题上企业利益却与美国政府的利益相悖，美国政府的政策使得这些公司面临公司营收受到影响，供应链不稳定性增加，中国市场机遇丧失等问题，而这些问题促使这些公司以游说、消极执行政策等方式，尽可能保持其在华业务和产业链稳定，减轻美国政策的负面影响。据此，本文建议中国政府应正确看待美国人工智能跨国公司与美国政府的关系，进一步推动美国跨国公司与中国市场的深度融合，发展国内产业以实现对美国跨国公司更有力的牵制，促进中国人工智能产业的高质量发展。

关键词：中美科技竞争；美国跨国公司；人工智能；政企关系

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has always been one of major fields for both China and the United States in terms of technology development. Especially after the release of generative artificial intelligence represented by the ChatGPT, an exemplary product developed by the American company OpenAI, two powers have been engaging in a new round of technology competition featuring AI. As the U.S. considers the AI industry as a leading, critical, and pillar industry, providing solid support for the government to safeguard national security and technological supremacy, the U.S. has taken various and comprehensive measures against China, seen as its primary competitor.  The U.S. employs fiscal measures to support the development of the domestic AI industry, impose restrict export control to undermine China’s AI industry and companies, and internationally unites with allies to establish multilateral mechanisms aimed at jointly constraining China.

Since the development of generative artificial intelligence is based on computing power, data, and applications, critical technologies in these areas are predominantly controlled by the U.S. multinational corporations, which hold outstanding strength and extensive global competitiveness in terms of AI infrastructure, AI algorithms, and AI applications. Thanks to these technology advantages, these multinationals have played a pivotal role in this AI competition between two major powers. As the U.S. government and multinationals have convergence of fundamental interests between corporate interests and national interests, both sides have established the strategic partnership fostered by the emphasis of the U.S. government and the technological advantages of the corporations. However, as there exists differences between corporate interests and national security, both sides tend to have inevitably divergence of interest when the expectations or the demands of stakeholders fail to be satisfied. The policy towards China is one of the most conflicting fields. Since China serves as the largest oversea market for the U.S. multinationals, they have maintained extensive ties with China in terms of trade, investment, and supply chain. As the challenges brought by the government policies require their proper strategies and measures as countermeasures, the multinationals to exert their influence on government actions by offering policy consultations, lobbying government agencies, and negatively implementing policies.

In light of the significant role of the U.S. AI MNCs in the America’s politics and policy-making, these corporations can serve as an important basis for analyzing America’s approach and policy-orientation in the technological competition with China. Therefore, this paper employs a case study approach to analyze the role of the U.S. AI multinational corporations in U.S.-China AI competition from the perspective of government-business relations. This paper selects three representative companies, including Nvidia, Microsoft-OpenAI, and Tesla, each representing one of key sectors in the AI industry. The study finds that although these multinationals cooperate with the U.S. government domestically in pursuit of common industrial development goals, their interests regarding China diverge from those of the U.S. government. As the government policies towards China led these companies to face challenges such as revenue impacts, increased supply chain instability, and loss of market opportunities in China, these companies have responded with adopted strategies such as lobbying and negative policy implementation to maintain stability in their Chinese business and supply chains, thereby mitigating the negative impacts of U.S. policies. Based on the analysis, this paper recommends that the Chinese government should properly acknowledge the relationship between the U.S. AI multinational companies and the U.S. government, promote the deeper integration of American multinationals into China’s market, and develop domestic industries to keep the engagement with American multinationals, thereby fostering high-quality development of China’s AI industry.

Keywords: U.S.-China AI Competition; Multinational Corporations; Artificial Intelligence; Government-Business Relations

[4] 邱悦雯

导师姓名：付美榕

中文题目：留美归国女性科学家在新中国职业发展轨迹的生物生态学分析——以留美中国科学工作者协会会员为例

英文题目：A Bioecological Analysis of the Professional Trajectories of the American-educated Chinese Women Scientists in New China: The Case of Members of the Association of Chinese Scientific Workers in U.S.A.

摘要

近年来，有关20世纪50年代归国留美科学家的口述和书面历史的采集工作受到学术界的广泛关注。留美学者的去留抉择、中国共产党对于留美学人回国的动员工作、留美科学家曲折的归国历程等研究开始涌现。留美中国科学工作者协会（The Association of Chinese Scientific Workers in U.S.A.，简称“留美科协”）作为中共重要科技团体，由当时留美的青年学生和科技工作者组成，在动员留美学者归国中发挥了重要作用。该协会成员怀着强烈的爱国情怀回到新中国，致力于将先进知识应用于国家建设。现有研究多强调留美归国科学家对中国国防工业的贡献，而对他们回国后职业发展经历的关注相对较少，女性归国人员的相关研究则更为稀缺。因此，20世纪50年代归国留美女科学家在新中国的职业发展轨迹值得深入探究。

本论文采用定性研究方法，以留美科协25名归国女性科学家为研究对象。数据资料主要来源于25位科学家的自传、口述史料、传记和科学家作品集等相关文献，采用历史分析法与文本分析法进行梳理归类，再现她们在新中国的职业发展轨迹，并借助布朗芬布伦纳的生物生态学理论框架，进一步分析影响样本科学家职业发展的多层次因素。

本文研究发现，样本科学家在新中国的职业轨迹呈现出“U”型曲线特征，具体表现为三个阶段：五十年代初，留美归国女科学家被分配到高等院校和科研机构的关键岗位，并取得了开创性的成就；六七十年代，她们受政治运动影响而陷入低谷；改革开放后，这些科学家重回工作岗位，在职业生涯末期继续投身国家建设，攀登科技高峰。25位样本科学家的职业道路大体相似，仅存在少许差别。在25位研究对象中，仅有5位当选为中科院或工程院院士，其余因各种原因未能充分发挥学术潜能。

研究发现，新中国女性科学家的职业发展受到个人特质和过往经历（微观系统）、家庭与工作之间的相互作用（中观系统）、学术界事件和政策变化（外在系统），以及社会、文化和政治环境（宏观系统）的综合影响。

此外，本文发现，在美国的教育和研究经历对归国女性科学家的职业发展具有双重影响。当国家政策对归国人员较为友好时，她们能够充分利用在美国所学的知识与理念，积极投身于教学和科研工作。然而，在政治动荡时期，她们的海外背景使她们成为被攻击的对象，严重阻碍其职业发展。因此本文得出结论，20世纪50年代归国留美女科学家的个人命运随时代变迁而起伏。在探讨职业发展时，有必要引入尤里·布朗芬布伦纳的生物生态学理论框架，从微观系统、中观系统、外在系统和宏观系统的角度进行分析。

关键词：50年代留美归国科学家，留美科协，女性科学家，尤里·布朗芬布伦纳生物生态学理论，职业发展

Abstract

In recent years, the recovery and compilation of the oral and written histories of the 1950s returned American-educated scientists has attracted increasing attention. Studies on the American-educated scientists’ leave-or-stay decisions, CPC’s efforts to mobilize the American-educated scientists for return, as well as the tortuous process of return are emerging. Among the mobilization groups, the Association of Chinese Scientific Workers in U.S.A. (ACSW-USA) was a science and technology group associated with the CPC, consisting of Chinese professionals with advanced degrees in science and technology. The ACSW-USA members returned to New China with great patriotic fervor and desired to devote themselves to China’s construction with the advanced knowledge they acquired in the U.S. Despite numerous studies highlighting the contributions of the returnees to China’s defense industry, their post-return career experiences are seldom mentioned, and there’ re few researches specializing in the women returnees. The career trajectories of the 1950s returned American-educated women scientists in New China are worth noticing. Thus, this thesis is designed to look into the women returnees’ career experiences and the contributing factors for their development in New China.

Qualitative study approach is applied by this thesis. Twenty-five ASCW-USA returned women scientists are chosen as samples. Primary sources, such as autobiographies, oral historical materials, biographies and scientists’ work collection, and secondary sources including written documents relevant to the women scientists are used to reveal their career trajectories in New China. The theoretical framework of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological analysis for human development was used to explore factors that influence the career development of the sample scientists.

The thesis finds that the career trajectory of the sample scientists in New China was similar to a “U” curve. This is reflected in their career experiences and achievements in three distinct periods. In the 1950s, the women returnees were assigned to key positions in higher education institutions and research institutes, and some of them did make groundbreaking work. In the 1960s and 1970s, however, they suffered a lot in political movements. After reform and opening-up, the sample scientists were restored fame and positions and were able to make greater contributions and pursue academic new heights in their late careers.

The 25 sample scientists shared a similar but differentiated career paths in New China. Only five of the women returnees under study were elected as academicians of CAS or CAE, while others failed to employ their full academic potential due to a variety of reasons. The thesis identifies contributing factors from the perspective of the bioecological theory. Findings show that the career development of the women scientists in New China was influenced by their personal characteristics and past experiences (microsystem influences), the interaction between family and work (a mesosystem), events and policies in academia (exosystem influences), and broader social, cultural and political environments (macrosystem influences).

Last but not least, this thesis finds that the educational and research experience in the U.S. can be a double-edged sword to the career development of the women returnees. When the country showed a supportive attitude towards the returnees, they can actively engage in teaching and scientific research, bringing their American-acquired knowledge and ideas into full play. But their overseas experience can also be a target in political turmoil, leaving them in untold sorrow and suffering.

This thesis draws the conclusion that the destinies of the 1950s returned American-educated women scientists rise and fall with the times. When discussing the career development, it was necessary to consider Urie Bronfenbrenner’s bioecology theory encompassing micro-, meso-, exo-, and macrosystem.

Keywords: The 1950s Returned American-educated Chinese Scientists, The Association of Chinese Scientific Workers in U.S.A., Women Scientists, Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory, Career Development

第四组：思想与文化

[1] 陈美璇

导师姓名：王一鸽

中文题目：超越美国主义：流动身份视域下的战后日本爵士乐异质网络研究——基于行动者网络理论

英文题目：Beyond Americanism to Fluid Identity: Jazz as a Heterogeneous Network in Postwar Japan through an Actor-Network Theory Lens

摘要

本文以行动者网络理论（Actor-Network Theory）为框架，探讨二战后日本爵士乐的流变及其与社会权力、文化身份和经济转型的复杂互动。研究时间跨度从美国占领期（1945-1952）至二十一世纪初，聚焦爵士乐如何超越“美国性”（Americanness）的单一标签，在日本本土语境中演变为一种异质的、混杂的、流动的文化实践。本文运用平坦本体论（Flat Ontology）、混杂化（Hybridization）、转译 （Translation）、行动者（Actor）以及异质性网络（Heterogeneous Network）等行动者网络理论的核心概念，解构爵士乐作为“稳定文化符号”的本质主义叙事，强调其通过人与非人行动者的异质网络动态生成过程。在实证分析部分，根据爵士乐在日本的发展和演变历程，分为三个历史阶段，即占领期（1945-1952）、身份重构期（1952-1975）、以及泡沫及后泡沫经济时代背景下视觉化转型期（1975-2000）展开具体分析。

首先，占领期时期的爵士乐身份具有混杂流动性，既是现代化的象征也是美国文化霸权的体现，同时还是美国在日展开民主文化宣传、以及实行冷战政策的媒介；借助行动者网络理论和福柯的规训权力等概念，剖析了美国占领军（SCAP）如何将爵士乐作为“声音武器”，通过审查制度和文化政策推行“民主化”叙事，同时也揭示了爵士乐在权力不对称背景下如何成为美日文化、冷战博弈的场域。其次，身份重构期（1952–1975），受到越南战争、日美新安保条约、安保运动以及日本左翼势力壮大的共同影响，爵士乐被转译为探寻国家身份、抒发个人情感的自由颂歌，文章以行动者网络视角下和风爵士的形成和日本独特爵士景观东京中央线爵士现象为例，分析战后日本如何通过爵士乐构建国家身份，将爵士乐转化为本土身份表达的混杂集合体，抵抗“本真性焦虑”（Authenticity Complex）与“美国性”霸权，并重构战后民族认同。第三，在泡沫经济、后泡沫经济影响下的都市文化发展时期，爵士超越两极叙事，越来越成为个人主体性的表达和现代化的体现：泡沫经济时期，行动者网络理论揭示了爵士乐与City Pop音乐的交融映射了日本经济高速增长期的都市幻象与物质文化，强调爵士乐作为“流动性实体”在消费社会中的符号意义；后泡沫经济时期，以爵士乐与日本动画的跨媒介合作为例，文章分析了异质行动者如何通过“异质工程”（Heterogeneous Engineering）和转译（Translation）重构爵士乐的感知与传播模式，成为个人主体性表达的方式。

总之，论文分析表明，爵士不是静态稳定的既有物，而是不同社会范式中（Modes of Ordering）通过人类和非人类行动者多重相互关系不断叠覆、调节和转译的文化混合体；爵士乐在日本的流变不仅是文化移植的产物，更是多重行动者网络持续“转译”的结果。这一过程既反映了美国文化霸权的渗透, 也彰显了日本本土能动性对全球文化流动的创造性回应，为理解非西方社会的现代性经验提供了新视角。

关键词：行动者网络理论；美日关系；爵士离散；文化混合体；异质性

Abstract

This thesis employs Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as the framework to explore the reinterpretation of jazz in post-World War II Japan and its complex interactions with social power, cultural identity, and economic transformation. The study spans from the American occupation period (1945–1952) to the early 21st century, focusing on how jazz transcended its singular label of “Americanness” and evolved into a heterogeneous, hybrid, and fluid cultural practice within the Japanese context. Utilizing core ANT concepts such as flat ontology, hybridization, translation, actors, and heterogeneous networks, this thesis deconstructs the essentialist narrative of jazz as a“static entity”, emphasizing its dynamic formation through the interactions of human and non-human actors within heterogeneous networks. The empirical analysis is divided into three historical phases: the occupation period (1945–1952), the identity reconstruction period (1952–1975), and the visual transformation period during and after the bubble economy (1975–2000).

First, during the occupation period, jazz embodied a hybrid and fluid identity, serving simultaneously as a symbol of modernization, a manifestation of American cultural hegemony, and a medium for democratic cultural propaganda and Cold War policies. Drawing on ANT and Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, this section analyzes how the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) utilized jazz as a “sonic weapon” to promote a “democratization” narrative through censorship and cultural policies. It also reveals how jazz became a site of cultural negotiation and Cold War dynamics amid asymmetrical power relations.

Second, during the identity reconstruction period (1952–1975), influenced by the Vietnam War, the revised U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, the Anpo protests, and the rise of leftist movements in Japan, jazz was translated into a liberating anthem for exploring national identity and expressing personal emotions. Through the lens of ANT, this section examines the formation of Japanese-style jazz and the unique jazz landscape along Tokyo’s Chuo Line, illustrating how post-war Japan reconstructed national identity through jazz. By transforming jazz into a hybrid assemblage of local expression, Japan resisted the hegemony of “Americanness” and the “authenticity complex”, redefining post-war national identity.

Third, during the bubble and post-bubble economy eras, jazz transcended binary narratives, increasingly becoming a medium for individual subjectivity and a reflection of modernity. In the bubble economy period, ANT reveals how the fusion of jazz and City Pop music mirrored the urban fantasies and material culture of Japan’s rapid economic growth, highlighting jazz’s symbolic significance as a “fluid entity” within a consumer society. In the post-bubble era, this section analyzes cross-media collaborations between jazz and Japanese animation, demonstrating how heterogeneous actors reconfigured jazz’s perception and dissemination through heterogeneous engineering and translation, making it a mode of individual self-expression.

In conclusion, this paper argues that jazz is not a static or pre-existing entity but a cultural hybrid continuously shaped, mediated, and translated through the multifaceted relationships of human and non-human actors across different modes of ordering. The evolution of jazz in Japan is not merely a product of cultural transplantation but the result of ongoing translation within multiple actor-networks. This process reflects both the permeation of American cultural hegemony and Japan’s creative agency in responding to global cultural flows, offering new perspectives for understanding non-Western experiences of modernity.

Keywords: Actor-Network Theory; US-Japan Relationship; Jazz Diaspora; Cultural Hybridity; Heterogeneity

[2] 谢文婧

导师姓名：伊蕊

中文题目：萝斯玛丽·萝特神学视域下的女性与自然

英文题目：Woman and Nature in Rosemary Ruether’s Theology

摘要

萝斯玛丽·雷德福·萝特(1936-2022) 是美国女性神学研究的先驱，也是生态女性主义神学的开创者之一。生态女性主义作为第三波女性运动中的重要流派，它将女性与自然联系在一起，并探讨女性歧视和自然歧视之间的关系。萝特从神学的视角讨论了这两个重要的生态女性主义话题，为此领域做出了独特的贡献。

本文主要研究萝特的著作《盖亚与上帝：地球愈合的生态女权主义神学》（1994），重点关注她对于女性与自然联系的讨论。部分传统生态女性主义者认为女性与自然存在先天的 “亲缘关系”，即女性和自然都是孕育和养育者，又都多带有关怀、温柔、同情等特质。本论文认为萝特的《盖亚与上帝》以及其他著作《新女性，新地球》（1975）和《性别歧视与上帝之谈》（1983）中的相关内容表明她反对如此固化的形象特质和连结。她的生态女性主义神学发现，女性与自然之间存在联系，但这种联系更多是由基督教文化建构的，是象征意义上的，即女性和自然的关联在于他们在基督教文化中均受“父权意识”所支配。萝特认为这种“父权意识”拥有两大特性：等级性和二元对立性。这种“父权意识”的建立来源于基督教叙事中对上帝与人、人与自然、男性与女性这三对关系的解释。她认为基督教在有关起源、天启、罪恶的叙事中，通过身体和灵魂、生命和死亡、善和恶的二元对立来理解上帝与人、人与自然、男性与女性三对关系。女性和自然在上述宗教叙述中均被描述为无灵魂的、代表死亡的、代表恶的，女性与自然在此意义上构建了联系且均处于受辖制的地位。萝特认为，这种基督教教义中的等级性二元对立观是女性与自然受压迫的真正根源。

然而，尽管萝特批判基督教圣经中的等级二元论，她并不想放弃基督教神学，依旧试图在基督教教义中寻找对女性与自然的救赎力量，以期对抗“父权意识”。她发现，圣经传统的某些教义中蕴涵着整体观。萝特认为，圣经的盟约传统指示着人与自然和谐共存的思想；圣经的圣礼传统蕴含着身体和灵魂统一的启示；萝特还提出圣经中上帝形象的兼容性，它是世界的创造者和解放者，是男是女，也非男非女。通过对上述圣经中三种传统的再解释，萝特论证基督教教义中亦存在解放女性和自然的积极力量。由此可见，作为宗教内部人士，萝特对基督教既有批判揭示亦有期望和信心。

萝特从神学视角到探讨女性和自然的关系，点明了女性与自然联系的真正根源。她的发现丰富了生态女性主义思想，为进一步讨论生态女性神学奠定了基础。另一方面，萝特通过重新解释圣经传统也为基督教解放女性压迫和自然压迫提供了新思路。

关键词：萝斯玛丽·萝特；神学；女性；自然；生态女性主义

Abstract

Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936-2022), a pioneer of American feminist theology and one of the first ecofeminist theologians. Ecofeminism, an important school in the third wave of the feminist movement, associates woman with nature and debates over how the domination of woman and that of nature are connected. Ruether approaches these two ecofeminists’ discussion with a theological view and makes unique contribution.

This thesis examines Ruether’s Gaia and God: An Ecofeminist Theology of Earth Healing (1994), focusing on her thoughts about woman – nature connection. Traditionally, some ecofeminists believe that woman and nature have an inherent tie of kinship for they both have the image of life-giver, nurturer and are usually depicted as being caring, gentle, and compassionate. This thesis finds that Ruether’s Gaia and God, other related writings in New Woman, New Earth (1975) and in Sexism and God Talk (1983) all prove her disagreement on affirming the stereotypical link between woman and nature. The connection is not innate. Woman – nature connection, from her theological perspective, is culturally constructed by Christianity and thus is symbolic. Ruether contends that the real connection lies in the fact that woman and nature are both dominated by the same “patriarchal consciousness” existent in Christianity. This patriarchal consciousness is hierarchical and dualistic. Meanwhile, Ruether argues that the formation of this consciousness results from the theological misunderstandings of the three relations, including God – human, human – nature, and man – woman relations. Through her analysis of stories of origin, of apocalypse, and of sin and evil, Ruether believes that the misunderstandings are based upon the hierarchical dualisms of body over soul, of life over death, and of good over evil/sin in Christianity. Therefore, woman and nature usually are described as representations of materiality, mortality, and evil/sin, and it is in this sense that woman and nature are connected because of their similar dominated status. Ruether therefore claims that the hierarchical dualisms in Christian thoughts are the true source of oppression for women and nature.

However, though Ruether criticizes the hierarchal dualisms of Christianity, she does not reject Christianity but tries to find a redemptive power for women and nature in Christian teachings in order to counteract the “patriarchal consciousness”. She found that teachings of the biblical tradition imply a holistic vision. Ruether rediscovers Bibles’ holistic approach in three traditions. Covenantal tradition signifies the harmony between human and nature, and the idea of natural life – death cycle. Sacramental tradition indicates the unity of body and soul, and of materiality and spirituality. Ruether also proposes the inclusiveness of God’s complex image. God is both the creator and liberator; God can be female and male; God is neither female nor male. Through Ruether’s reinterpretations, she argues that there are still positive forces in Christian traditions that help to free women and nature from domination. Therefore, the thesis believes that Ruether, as a religious insider, is both highly critical of Christianity and confident of its healing powers.

From a theological perspective, Ruether explores the true connection between women and nature. Her discovery enriches eco-feminist thoughts and lays the groundwork for further studies of ecofeminist theology. On the other hand, by reinterpreting biblical traditions, Ruether also searches into Christianity’s potentials of liberating woman and nature.

Keywords: Rosemary Radford Ruether; Theology; Woman; Nature; Ecofeminism  

[3] 白皎

导师姓名：伊蕊

中文题目：帕特里夏·希尔·柯林斯黑人女性主义思想研究

英文题目：A Study on Patricia Hill Collins' Black Feminist Ideas

摘要

帕特里夏·希尔·柯林斯（Patricia Hill Collins，1948-），当代美国非裔社会学家、女性主义思想家和女权倡导者，主要因对交叉性理论的延伸而闻名。她致力于推动社会公平的学术创作和社会活动，其黑人女性思想也以此为基础。她对黑人女性思想的独特贡献具有研究价值。 本研究聚焦分析柯林斯黑人女性主义思想所提出的重要主题和观点，并探究各个主题间是如何有机联系，共同为黑人女性在自身解放道路上的自我赋能提供指引。

通过对柯林斯阐述其黑人女性主义思想作品中最全面、最具代表性的一部——《黑人女性主义思想：知识、意识与赋权政治》进行文本分析和历史分析，本文探讨柯林斯如何运用黑人女性在社会结构中的独特位置来构建自己的黑人女性主义思想。本文研究发现，柯林斯的黑人女性主义思想主要包含三个核心主题：自我定义，知识和赋能，交叉性理论和支配矩阵。关于自我定义，柯林斯强调通过自我定义身份认同，保持自我意识独立的重要性。她将个人意识视为自由的重要领域之一，通过保留安全空间并发出黑人女性自己的声音，从而达到从黑人女性内部为自身赋能。关于知识和赋能，柯林斯承认权力在知识产生和验证过程中的影响，提出了以黑人女性为中心的认知论。柯林斯提出的黑人女性认知论以生活经验、对话、道德关怀、个人责任作为判断新知识是否合理的标准，从而反抗欧洲中心认知论的霸权，通过构建黑人女性相关的知识体系达到外部赋能。另外，柯林斯在交叉性理论的基础上提出支配矩阵的理论框架，明确了权力关系在结构性、规训性、霸权性和人际性四个维度的运作方式，从而突出压迫的复杂性与流动性，对交叉性理论进行了延伸。通过对交叉性理论的延伸，柯林斯为黑人女性反抗压迫在理论和实践上提供了具体的方向。

柯林斯对黑人女性思想和交叉性理论都做出了独特贡献。通过主张黑人女性在定义自身身份和构建自身知识过程中的中心位置， 柯林斯提供了反抗支配性群体对黑人女性客体化的有效方法，确保黑人女性的观点得以呈现，将其经历的压迫转化为追寻平等的灵感来源； 在知识生产过程中引入情感和道德元素挑战了欧洲中心的知识体系中情感和理性的二元对立传统，增加了不同受压迫群体理解彼此观点的可能性，同时确保知识的提出是为了给受压迫群体赋能。柯林斯对交叉性理论的独特贡献主要在于明确了权力运行以实现其支配地位的四个方面，凸显出黑人女性所受压迫的复杂性和流动性,使交叉性理论应用跨越了学科和国家的边界。她对交叉性理论作为理论探索和指导实践的双重意义的强调，为黑人女性和其他受压迫群体寻求反抗的社会活动提供了具体的策略。

本文通过分析得出结论，柯林斯黑人女性主义思想的核心主题都来源于黑人女性在社会结构中的独特位置，三个主题相互关联，从内部自我定义身份、外部构建和自己相关知识、了解权力的压迫点几个方面为黑人女性识别并反抗压迫提供了有力工具。然而由于其以具体情境为基础，柯林斯的黑人女性思想可以跨越学科、种族和国家的边界，为后续的不平等研究和社会运动提供指导，为黑人女性也为其他处于弱势的群体成员提供指导。

关键词：帕特里夏·希尔·柯林斯; 黑人女性思想; 黑人女性认知论; 交叉性理论; 支配矩阵

Abstract

Patricia Hill Collins (1948-), esteemed African-American contemporary sociologist, feminist thinker and activist. She is most renowned for her expansion of the intersectionality framework. Collins devotes her life to promoting social justice both through academic work and social practice, which also lays the foundation for her Black feminist ideas. Her unique contributions to Black feminist thinking merits research. This study focuses on analyzing major themes and perspectives of Collins’ Black feminist ideas, exploring how these themes are built coherently to inform Black women’s empowerment in their pursuit of freedom.    

By conducting textual and historical analysis of her most comprehensive and representative work, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment, this thesis explores how Collins uses Black women’s unique position in social structures to construct her own Black feminist ideas. Collins’ Black feminist ideas consist of three core themes：self-definition, knowledge and empowerment, as well as intersectionality and matrix of domination. In terms of self-definition, Collins emphasizes the importance of maintaining a free mind through self-defined identity. She views consciousness of an individual as one important sphere of freedom and argues that Black women have always recorded and expressed their self-defined identity in historically safe spaces, thereby achieving empowerment from within themselves. In terms of knowledge and empowerment, Collins recognizes the influence that power has on knowledge production and validation, proposing a Black feminist epistemology that centers African-American women. Her proposal of Black feminist epistemology uses lived experience, dialogue, ethics of caring, ethic of personal accountability as standards to assess whether new knowledge claims are valid. Such criteria resist hegemony in Eurocentric epistemology, empowering Black women by constructing an alternative knowledge system of their own. Thus, empowerment is achieved through external knowledge structure. In addition, Collins furthered intersectionality framework by proposing matrix of domination, identifying how power relations operate in structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal domain. Collins’ framework highlights the complex and dynamic nature of oppression, providing specific directions for Black women’s resistance both in theory and practice.

Collins made significant contributions both to Black feminist thinking and the intersectionality framework. By advocating Black women’s central position in defining their own identity and constructing knowledge of their own, she provides effective approach for Black women to resist objectification from dominant groups. Such centrality ensures Black women’s standpoint is properly represented and can turn their experience with oppression into inspiration for pursuing equality. Introducing emotion and ethics into knowledge production challenges the binary opposition between reason and emotion in Eurocentric knowledge system. It increases the chance for different oppressed groups to understand each other’s standpoint and ensures that knowledge is proposed for their empowerment. Collins’ contribution to intersectionality lies in specifying the four dimensions of domination and highlighting  its complexity and fluidity, fulfilling intersectionality’s potential to cross disciplinary and border lines. Her emphasis on intersectionality as both critical inquiry and critical praxis offers specific empowerment strategies for social activist movements of Black women and other disadvantaged groups alike.

This thesis concludes that all major themes of Collins’s Black feminist ideas originate from African-American women’s specific localities in the overall social structure. Her ideas provide powerful tools for Black women to identify and resist oppression in various social settings. However, the context-based rationale in her Black feminist ideas makes it possible to transcend disciplinary, racial and border lines, serving as guiding principles for both future inequality researches and social activist movements, both African-American women and members of other underprivileged groups.

Keywords: Patricia Hill Collins; Black feminist thinking; Black feminist epistemology; intersectionality; matrix of domination  

[4] 王元江

导师姓名：贾宁

中文题目：新梅斯蒂扎意识：墨裔美国思想家安扎杜尔对于奇卡诺/纳混杂身份的母性、神性视角

英文题目：New Mestiza Consciousness: Mexican American Thinker Gloria Anzaldúa’s Matriarchal and Divine Perspectives on Chicano/a Hybrid Identity

摘要

墨西哥裔美国人常常在文化上遭受美国主流社会和墨西哥裔故土的双重压迫，既不被美国完全接纳，也不再得到墨西哥文化的认同。墨西哥裔美国思想家格洛丽亚·安扎杜尔出版于1987年的理论阐述作品《边土（Borderlands/La Frontera）》以极具创新的手段融合了历史叙事、个人回忆录、诗歌，以及虚构文体，表达了她的新梅斯蒂扎意识（New Mestiza Consciousness）主张。在作品中，安扎杜尔诠释了墨西哥裔美国，即奇卡诺/纳混杂身份的新内涵——并非是美国文化和墨西哥文化的简单叠加；而是两种社会与文化体系的碰撞和交织。因此，安扎杜尔认为，边土不是理想化的多元文化缤纷和谐的乐园；而是充满了痛苦、冲突、矛盾的复杂场域。在那里，奇卡诺/纳人被迫面对着历史、社会、文化、种族与族裔、身份认知的断裂。

安扎杜尔通过重新解读阿兹特克（Aztec）母系神话，指出母性与神性力量在奇卡纳身份构建中的核心作用。她认为母系神话中蕴藏着赋能墨西哥裔美国人身份的本质力量——母系神话中的原始而独特的反叛精神和能量打破了白人主流文化、父权文化的压迫，为奇卡纳文化认同提供了全新的可能性。安扎杜尔指出，阿兹特克母系神话在现代社会发展的过程中被扭曲和误解。这一过程正是文化权力的表征。她重新塑造包括瓜达卢佩圣母（Guadalupe）在内的母系神，使其不再是被矮化的弱小形象，也不再是被污名化的可怖怪兽，而是具有强大力量和反叛精神的新奇卡纳符号。再创造的神话形象成为抵抗父权压迫、反对二元对立、挑战主流话语的有效工具。

在阿兹特克母系神话的赋权下，新梅斯蒂扎意识得以被建构和完善。安扎杜尔通过这一意识的建构为处于社会边缘地位的群体，尤其是女性、性少数群体，以及移民，创造了可以质疑、重构身份的理论空间基础。在安扎杜尔的理论下，新梅斯蒂扎意识并非对于现有主流文化的简单对抗；而是打破二元对立的僵化刻板定义，通过创造性融合、再生，超越既定文化界限，建立全新、灵活的身份认同的尝试。这意味着奇卡诺/纳人不再局限于单一的立场选择或是文化归属；而是可以同时归属于这些文化形成的间隔，甚至超越多文化边界，获得独特的跨文化认同。

若说阿兹特克母系神话为新梅斯蒂扎意识提供了文化能量支撑和理论合法性赋权；体裁和语言的混杂则是安扎杜尔实现新梅斯蒂扎意识的途径。这一混杂性是新梅斯蒂扎意识在实践层面的体现；也帮助加强和印证了新梅斯蒂扎意识的核心观念。安扎杜尔打破了传统学术写作的边界。《边土》的诗性语言和理论叙述交织，形成独特的文化表达方式。安扎杜尔将诗歌、历史叙事、回忆录、自传以及理论分析融合在一起，使得作品在语言和题材上都具备高度混杂特性。她亦通过多种语言的交织，尤其是英语、卡斯蒂利亚西班牙语（Spanish）、美国-墨西哥语言（Tex-Mex）、奇卡诺西班牙语（Chicano Spanish）和纳瓦特尔语（Nahuatl）的结合，创造出全新的边土语言。这种语言不仅反映了墨西哥裔美国人身份认同的复杂性，也成为了他们独立于强势的主流文化，确立自身存在价值的“秘密语言”。

安扎杜尔通过母性与神性视角为奇卡纳混杂身份的建构提供了理论支撑，通过《边土》中体裁与语言的混杂，打破文化边界，创造超越二元对立的身份认同空间。在对阿兹特克母系神话原型的再塑造过程中，安扎杜尔不仅赋予了奇卡纳文化全新的文化合法性，也为美国更多处于边缘地位的群体提供了重新定义自我和抗争美国主流社会压迫的力量。

关键词：格洛丽亚·安扎杜尔；美国墨西哥裔；奇卡诺/纳文化；美国女性主义

Abstract

Mexican American cultural thinker and theorist Gloria Anzaldúa develops and interprets the theory of New Mestiza Consciousness[2] in her groundbreaking work Borderlands/La Frontera in 1987. The work innovatively blends historical narratives, memoirs, poetry, and fictions. Anzaldúa re-defines Chicano/a hybrid identity – not as simplistic combination or mixing of American and Mexican cultures, but as a dynamic collision and interweaving of two distinct sociocultural systems. Mexican American people often endure two oppressions from both American mainstream society and their Mexican ancestral homeland, being fully accepted or recognized by neither of them. Consequently, Anzaldúa contends that the borderlands are not an idealized multicultural utopia of harmonious diversity, but rather a complicated terrain fraught with pain and contradictions, where Chicano/as confront fractures in historical, social, cultural, racial-ethnic, and identity formations.

By re-interpreting Aztec maternal myths, Anzaldúa points out the essential role of matriarchal and divine power in the construction of Chicana identities. She believes that there is foundational energy in maternal myths, which can empower Mexican American identities – the indigenous, unique, rebellious spirit breaks the oppressions of white-dominated, mainstream, patriarchal cultures, and offers completely new possibilities for Chicana cultural identities. Anzaldúa notes that Aztec maternal myths had been distorted and misunderstood in the development of contemporary society. This process is the manifestation of cultural powers. Anzaldúa re-shapes the matriarchal goddesses including Guadalupe, making her into a strong, independent new Chicana sign instead of the weakened image or the stigmatized monster. The re-invented mythological images become the effective tool to fight against patriarchy, binary oppositions, and the control of mainstream discourses. With the empowerment of Aztec maternal myths, New Mestiza Consciousness is re-constructed and amplified. Through the consciousness, Anzaldúa creates a theoretical space for the marginalized groups including women, queers, and immigrants, where they can doubt, and re-build their own identities. New Mestiza Consciousness is not a sheer resistance against the mainstream culture. Instead, it is trying to destroy the rigid, stereotypical, binary definitions, and building fresh, flexible identities through innovative integration and re-production, and the transcendence of cultural frontiers. This means that Chicano/as are not limited to one and only position choices or cultural belongingness. They can belong to the in-betweenness, and surpass the cultural borders to achieve unique multicultural identities.

Aztec matriarchal myths provide cultural energy and theoretical legitimacy for New Mestiza Consciousness; generic and linguistic hybridity constitutes Anzaldúa’s methodology. This hybridity both embodies the consciousness in practice and reinforces its core. Anzaldúa dismantles conventional boundaries in Borderlands, mixing poetic language with theoretical expositions to forge her distinctive Chicana cultural discourse. By blending poetry, historical narrative, memoir, autobiography, and theoretical analysis, she achieves textual hybridity at both linguistic and generic levels. The polylingual form interlaces English, Castilian Spanish, Tex-Mex, Chicano Spanish, and Nahuatl. A new borderland language is invented. The linguistic innovation reflects the complexity of Chicano/a identities and works as “secret language” that asserts autonomous cultural values against hegemonic forces and norms.

Through her maternal-divine perspective and borderland-hybridity, Anzaldúa constructs theoretical foundations for Chicana identities, and creates safe liminal space beyond binary oppositions for the marginalized. By reworking Aztec matriarchal archetypes, she legitimizes New Mestiza Consciousness, and empowers the marginalized groups in the U.S. to redefine their own value of existence beyond prescribed boundaries and limitations.

Keywords: Gloria Anzaldúa, Mexican American, Chicano/a culture, American Feminism